swaras basics

Sarali varisai(very first lesson)
arohanam: Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Da Ne Sa
avarohanam: Sa Ne Da Pa Ma Ga Re Sa

sa - sadjamam
re - rishabam
ga - gamakam
ma - madyamam
pa - panchamam
da - daivatham
ne - nishadam

Out of these sa and pa are known as prakrithi swaras. This indicates that these swaras are not resistable to change. Remaining swaras re ga ma pa da ne sa are called vikrithi swaras which means they are resistable to change. Hence, these 7 swaras plus 5 which are vikrithi totally gives 12 sruthis. They are
sadjam
sudha rishabam
chathusruthi rishabam-sudha gandharam
ordinary gandharam
anthara gandharam
sudha madyamam
prathi madyamam
panchamam
sudha daivatham
chathusruthi daivatham-sudha neshadam
kaisike neshadam
kakali neshadam



chathusruthi reshabam
sudha reshabam - same sruthi

ordinary gandharam
shatsruthi reshabam - same sruthi

chathusruthi daivatham
sudha neshadam - same sruthi

sudha neshadam
kaisidi neshadam - same sruthi